Social & Environmental Certifications

A guide to some of the audits, certifications and rules that buyers, mostly in the EU, ask Indian exporters about. Social audits and certifications: SA8000, amfori BSCI, Sedex (SMETA audits), Fairtrade and WRAP. Environmental standards: ISO 14001, GOTS for organic textiles, FSC for wood and paper, OEKO-TEX Standard 100 (a voluntary label for textiles tested for harmful substances), and the EU's REACH and RoHS rules. EU regulations: the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), in its definitive period since 1 January 2026, and the Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), which applies from 30 December 2026. For each, the guide gives what it covers, its key requirements and what its owner publishes about cost, and it lists some of the rules individual countries set.

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